What ever happened to the colleges of education, those specialist teacher-training institutions that were effectively abolished across England and Wales in the 1970s and 80s?
In some ways, the demise of teacher-training colleges was unsurprising. Although some 160-strong by the early-1970s, many were small and isolated and some were rather parochial, inward-looking organisations. Many were also uneconomical and the quality of provision was, frankly, variable.
While there had been numerous attempts to improve the content and status of teacher training, by the late-1960s educational expansion and the changing demands of schooling created pressure for change. The mixture of undergraduate, postgraduate and certificated routes meant programmes lacked consistency and coherence – resulting in a Conservative party pledge in the run-up to the 1970 general election to undertake a comprehensive review.
The way in which that change was carried out, however, was highly controversial, and an important if largely overlooked juncture in the history of English education.
Drawing on the recommendations of the James report, the somewhat ironically entitled 1972 white paper Education: A Framework for Expansion suggested five possible futures for colleges of education:
Continuing as independent teacher-training colleges
A broadening of role and remit to become a more general higher education institution
Merger with a university, polytechnic or FE college
Redesignation as a professional development centre for in-service teacher training
Closure
This all sounds rational but we must not underestimate the turmoil that ensued.
The white paper announced that the number of teacher-training places would be slashed by a third by 1980, but figures were cut on four further occasions between 1974 and 1977, effectively reducing the total by two-thirds. Consequently, just 20 colleges continued to focus wholly or largely on teacher training. Eventually all were taken over, often by a nearby university, or closed altogether. Meanwhile, 25 colleges of education shut.
The white paper announced that the number of teacher-training places would be slashed by a third by 1980
Most colleges did manage to find an alternative future. Almost 40 were absorbed into new polytechnics and 20 merged with FE colleges, creating “mixed economy” FE/HE institutions. Others re-emerged as new colleges of institutes of higher education (CIHEs) offering a range of social sciences and humanities courses, usually up to first-degree level. Eventually, almost 60 CIHEs were created during the 1970s and 1980s, usually from the merger of two or more colleges of education – effectively forming a “third division” of HE below the universities and polytechnics.
The way in which change was conducted, however, was arguably as significant as any outcome of “reform”. It was not an “architectural” planned and collaborative process. Colleges of education were forced into a Darwinian struggle and colleges were effectively required to fight for their futures, or perish.
It is perhaps no coincidence then that the secretary of state responsible for all this was one Margaret Thatcher. Whilst her infatuation with markets and competition would not come until later in the 1970s, arguably the way colleges of education were treated displayed her nascent instincts. She saw education policy as dominated by cosy, closed relations between civil servants, trade unions and various other socialists, and she had a disdain for bureaucratic procedures. Arguably then, the fate of the colleges of education provided at least some insight into what would be the future of education policy more broadly.
Robin Simmons is professor of education at the University of Huddersfield
James Noble-Rogers
February 9, 2017 at 1:31 pm
Despite this all happening decades ago, ill-informed journalists and politicians still refer, in derogatory terms, to ‘teacher training colleges’ as though they still exist.
Kathy Kida
August 17, 2017 at 1:44 pm
As I attended one of these colleges and I am a deputy head I totally disagree to them being closed. They prepared teachers really well which a one year course PGCE does not we get many young teachers ill prepared for the job whereas 3 years at Teacher training college did. Margaret Thatcher has a lot to answer for. Many teachers leave the profession too.
Jackie Willis
May 7, 2019 at 12:00 am
I completely agree with this comment. I am saddened that teacher training colleges have been closed having myself trained at a first class teacher training college in Leeds. I see this as a return to the poor teaching skills of my grammar school teachers, who were highly qualified in their subject matter but with no clue as to how to impart that knowledge to the young. From what I can see, teacher training is now done ‘on the cheap’ in schools, with over-worked teachers acting as the trainers! I am saddened at this state of affairs and glad that I got out 10yrs before retirement to become a self-employed driving instructor, a role to which I bring sound teaching skills to compliment the coaching and client centred approach demanded by the DVSA. How apt this should be so after the child-centred methodologies I learnt at college were later so viciously ridiculed!
Margaret Pitts
July 26, 2019 at 5:09 pm
I have heard recently that those of us who did a three year course at a Teacher Training College are now entitled to have our teaching certificates upgraded to a degree (not before time!). Does anyone have any more information on this?
Yvonne Beston
August 21, 2019 at 3:56 pm
Hi Margaret.
It is true that many ex- teacher training college alumni are being awarded honorary degrees for their “service to education”.
It seems to be the institutions involved that are making the awards. For example the Froebel colleges of Whitelands, Roehampton etc. Ripon college, Winchester…..just a few that I have come across. This has been happening over the past three years as far as I can make out. There is usually a special ceremony involved.
I attended Stockwell College of Education in Bromley , which became part of London University. No communication with regard to any action from London. My friend attended Coloma trainng college in West Wickham. No action there .
The Teacher’s Certificate was a national qualification and I agree that there must be an entitlement to any upgrade. There is a finite number of teachers involved, so the matter could be resolved quite easily.
What do you think?
Sincerely,
Yvonne Beston
Brenda
October 18, 2019 at 3:29 pm
I just posted my comment and completely agree with you. I consider my education at Coloma to be far superior than the “training” teachers are now receiving.
Marian Buck
July 15, 2020 at 5:00 pm
Thanks Yvonne for this explanation.
I too was at Coloma and at a recent reunion this well deserved recognition was discussed.
Among our number were retired Heads, Deputy Heads and
one CEO of a State in Canada !
Having over the years been patronised by Secondary school Teachers and others I would be pleased to see our qualifications
receive the status we deserve.
Best wishes
Marian
Brenda McCausland
February 25, 2021 at 12:06 am
Does anyone know how many US credits the Diploma in Education is worth? I went to Coloma and now live in the USA and wish to do a degree course here. Thanks.
steve lawson
March 27, 2020 at 4:54 pm
please give me information about this upgrade i qualified cert ed london 1966-69
Brenda McCausland
October 18, 2019 at 3:25 pm
I too went to Coloma College 1970-1973. I also believe that we are entitled to an upgrade. I have taught in England, Greece, Japan and the USA and I can truly say that the excellent education I received at Coloma enabled me to teach and succeed at some of the best schools and teach at a higher level than teachers with Master degrees and PhDs, who did not know how to impart knowledge nor sometimes even care.
SusanRobinson
February 25, 2020 at 12:29 am
I gained a Cert Ed from Furzedown College of Education in 1968. I have seen on the internet that many teachers recently have been awarded honorary degrees,This seems quite random, as not all universities are offering them which seems very unfair. How can this be? Furzedown closed in the early 1970s unlike some of the other colleges which were swallowed up by newer universities.My qualification was for the University of London and I have since discovered that they awarded honorary degrees to ex Goldsmiths Cert Ed teachers in 2018.I am most unhappy about this!
Katherine Parker
June 20, 2020 at 10:19 pm
Like other ‘teacher-trained’ teachers my teaching career was across different sectors of education State provision private and personal private schooling in my own home. My contribution was valued and latterly with years of experience was able to offer guidance and support to children of varying ages. Parents sat in on lessons and experienced my teaching approach. At the age of seventy I was rewarded by a child in my care gaining a scholarship to a prestigious school – he was not the first. Society should realize that people of my generation were held back in experiencing secure education due to the second world war but nevertheless continued valiantly and satisfied the requirements of entry to higher education to teach others for very little monetary reward. K.P. P.S. The first part of my commentary is missing from this space. Gt.Baddow and Knighton
Malcolm Hughes
February 1, 2021 at 7:59 pm
I did three years at St. Luke’s, Exeter Teacher Training College 1957 – 60 following Compulsory National Service. I taught Sec Mod and Comprehensive Schools before obtaining a Lectureship at a CofT. I Came to Canada in “66 (BTW: for Marian, we have Provinces in Canada – not States – we leave them to our Southern Neighbours) and taught at every public school level, was a Consultant, a Principal as well as a Superintendent of Education. I earned a BA, Bed and Med as a part-time “student” and I have never felt that many of the academic demands made on me were much beyond “A” Level let alone my College. I did meet a fellow who had attended Exeter immediately after I left, and he came away with a degree. I have often wondered what was the difference? The only one I can see is that the college went co-ed the year after I left.
Brenda McCausland
February 25, 2021 at 12:08 am
Does anyone know how many US credits the Diploma in Education is worth? I went to Coloma and now live in the USA and wish to do a degree course here. Thanks.