“Cliff-edge” GCSE exams at 16 should be scrapped in favour of a 14 to 19 “phase” where pupils complete their qualifications “at the right pace for them”, the Edge Foundation has said.
The independent charity, which aims to raise the status of practical and vocational learning, has warned the UK’s education system is failing to prepare youngsters for 21st century jobs in its ‘plan for 14-19 education’ published today.
However the report doesn’t mention widely-reported problems in the university technical college (UTC) programme for 14 to 19-year-olds, nor how to address issues they’ve encountered, such as under-recruitment.
Instead the report makes eight “radical” recommendations for the government to introduce across all schools.
They include adding a creative subject such as art or drama into the EBacc, introducing mandatory work experience in schools, and offering apprenticeships to 14-year-olds.
Edge – chaired by former education secretary and UTC advocate Lord Baker – claims that current GCSEs are designed around “age not stage”, where all pupils are expected to be ready for the same exam at the same age.
Olly Newton, director of policy and research at Edge, who wrote the report, said this format has led to a “downward spiral of English and maths resits for young people which leave them demoralised and rarely making headway”.
To smooth this “cliff-edge”, the foundation wants to bin exams at 16 and introduce a 14 to 19 phase where pupils can complete their GCSEs at any point over this age period.
“GCSEs should become a progress check rather than a make or break point,” Newton said.
“Some schools already offer young people the opportunity to sit GCSEs early in year 10 and there is no reason why young people should not be able to sit GCSEs in particular subjects for the first time later too.”
He adds that a move to this system would “reduce and eventually remove the stigma” for young people who take longer to pass GCSEs in English and maths.
But Geoff Barton, general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders, told Schools Week that delaying GCSEs by a year or two would “just move the ‘cliff edge’ to a different point”, and pupils would have “less opportunity to study alternative qualifications if they were unsuccessful”.
He said it needs to be ensured that all students have an “equal opportunity” to study for and sit GCSEs in English, maths and other “important” academic subjects, and it would be “difficult to preserve that equality of opportunity” in a phased examination system.
The report follows calls last week from the Baker Dearing Trust, which promotes UTCs, for three “wishes” to boost 14 to 19 education.
That included schools having to “assess” which pupils best fit UTCs before sending unsuitable learners on to them.
A DfE spokesperson said: “The reforms to GCSEs are driven precisely by the need? for high standards for young people in our schools, so that they get the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in life.
“The new GCSEs will provide more rigorous content and the new grading system provides greater stretch for the highest performers, by showing greater distinction between the top marks.? These changes will help young people ?to compete with the best in the world and deliver the skills that employers tell us they need.”
I am a kind of traditionalist and like the idea of GCSEs taken in Year 11 (aged 16+). However, speaking from experience, this year’s GCSE timetable has been crammed and manic for the pupils – three of my cohort had to sit Further Maths Level 2, followed by D&T Product Design, followed by Chemistry 4,5,6 all on the same day!! Also, in previous years, pupils could sit Maths and/or English early to “get them out of the way”. Not this year! The new Maths and English GCSEs with exceptionally hard content at Grades 9-7 had to be sat alongside all the others within a crammed timetable! Those pupils who have done well must be deemed to be exceptionally bright having coped with all the stress. It is a little unfair on those whose’s grades may have suffered through tiredness. I happen to think there are too many “pathways” in secondary education, and what is really needed is good local schooling with opportunities for developing a person’s confidence, resilience, friendship and happiness. Then open up the “pathways” post-GCSE into employability.
Pupils should study a broad, balanced curriculum to 16. These subjects do not have to be examined. Most developed countries don’t expect pupils at the end of lower secondary (ages 14 to 16) to take a large number of exams. Exams are restricted to core subjects and used to decide post-16 progression. Such a system avoids the overload Opal describes above.
GCSEs could remain as part of a flexible suite of exams leading to graduation at 18. But there’s no reason why pupils shouldn’t bypass GCSEs in subjects not in the core and jump straight to more advanced exams or Level 1 exams for those who struggle to reach GCSE C.
Mandatory work experience combined with high-quality technical and vocational education is essential. Participation could be recognised and included in the graduation portfolio. But not apprenticeships at 14 – too early specialisation.
http://www.localschoolsnetwork.org.uk/2015/06/lets-move-towards-graduation-at-18
Correction: exams in other countries are used to decide upper secondary progression. This doesn’t necessary begin at 16. It can range from 14 to 16.