The new education secretary has announced qualification reform for England that goes beyond the recommendations of the Francis review, arguing that we need “pathways for all” to combat the alarming numbers of NEET young people. Meanwhile, publication of the latest PISA results has prompted a fresh round of policy comparisons. However, before indulging in any misjudged policy-borrowing, we need to understand how the system came to be the way it is. Become a member for unlimited access to Schools Week Our members enjoy early access to exclusive content and in-depth articles before anyone else. Get expert journalism, experience fewer ads, and unlock a growing range of member benefits. subscribe If you have an account, please login. Sign in